 |
|||||||||||
Section 4: Social Support
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-22, 6-23, 6-24, 6-25, 6-26, 6-27, 6-28,
6-29, and 6-30.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Number of Good Friends |
||||||||||
| Many | 37.9 |
20.0 |
x2 (1, N=124)=4.05, p<.05 | 34.2 |
31.4 |
x2 (1, N=124)=0.11, n.s. | 42.0 |
34.3 |
17.4 |
25.0 |
| A few | 56.3 |
67.5 |
x2 (1, N=124)=1.51, n.s. | 60.3 |
62.7 |
x2 (1, N=124)=0.08, n.s. | 52.0 |
65.7 |
78.3 |
56.3 |
| No friends | 3.4 |
10.0 |
x2 (1, N=124)=2.27, n.s. | 5.5 |
5.9 |
x2 (1, N=124)=0.01, n.s. | 6.0 |
0.0 |
4.3 |
18.8 |
Satisfied With Number of Good Friends |
||||||||||
| Yes | 54.0 |
60.0 |
x2 (1, N=117)=0.40, n.s. | 59.4 |
62.5 |
x2 (1, N=117)=0.11, n.s. | 55.3 |
63.6 |
68.2 |
60.0 |
Number of Friends in Usual Environments |
||||||||||
| None | 8.0 |
20.0 |
x2 (1, N=117)=0.40, n.s. | 40.6 |
37.5 |
x2 (1, N=117)=0.11, n.s. | 44.7 |
36.4 |
31.8 |
40.0 |
| A few | 47.1 |
55.0 |
x2 (1, N=117)=0.40, n.s. | 59.4 |
62.5 |
x2 (1, N=117)=0.11, n.s. | 55.3 |
63.6 |
68.2 |
60.0 |
| Many | 19.5 |
10.0 |
-- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Nearly everyone | 20.7 |
12.5 |
-- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-- |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Romantic Relationship |
||||||||||
| Yes | 52.9 |
65.0 |
x2 (1, N=120)=1.07, n.s. | 66.2 |
51.0 |
x2 (1, N=120)=2.78, n.s. | 68.8 |
39.4 |
60.9 |
75.0 |
Get Along With Romantic Partner |
||||||||||
| Very well | 4.3 |
11.5 |
x2 (1, N=71)=7.49, p<.007 | 47.8 |
60.0 |
x2 (1, N=71)=0.96, n.s. | 62.5 |
69.2 |
14.3 |
50.0 |
| Fairly well | 30.4 |
57.7 |
x2 (1, N=71)=4.82, p<.03 | 50.0 |
24.0 |
x2 (1, N=71)=4.53, p<.04 | 37.5 |
15.4 |
78.6 |
33.3 |
| Not well at all | 63.0 |
30.8 |
x2 (1, N=71)=1.27, n.s. | 2.2 |
16.0 |
x2 (1, N=71)=4.73, p<.03 | 0.0 |
15.4 |
7.1 |
16.7 |
Does Partner… |
||||||||||
| … make a difference in time of stress? | 69.6 |
53.8 |
x2 (1, N=69)=2.01, n.s. | 65.9 |
68.0 |
x2 (1, N=69)=0.03, n.s. | 74.2 |
69.2 |
46.2 |
66.7 |
| ….have a positive effect in time of stress? | 80.4 |
65.4 |
x2 (1, N=71)=2.57, n.s. | 78.3 |
72.0 |
x2 (1, N=71)=0.35, n.s. | 84.4 |
76.9 |
64.3 |
66.7 |
| … have a negative effect in time of stress? | 15.2 |
26.9 |
x2 (1, N=70)=1.56, n.s. | 15.2 |
29.2 |
x2 (1, N=70)=1.92, n.s. | 15.6 |
15.4 |
14.3 |
45.5 |
Close Male/Female Friend |
||||||||||
| Yes | 90.8 |
77.5 |
x2 (1, N=120)=4.35, p<.04 | 90.0 |
94.0 |
x2 (1, N=120)=0.61, n.s. | 93.8 |
97.1 |
81.8 |
86.7 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Section 5: Personal History
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-31, 6-32, and 6-33.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Foster or Group Home |
||||||||||
| Ever | 20.9 |
20.5 |
x2 (1, N=238)=0.42, n.s. | 28.9 |
21.6 |
x2 (1, N=238)=1.08, n.s. | 32.4 |
22.9 |
26.5 |
18.8 |
| In the last 6 months | 3.9 |
9.5 |
x2 (1, N=52)=4.45, p<.04 | 48.8 |
18.2 |
x2 (1, N=52)=3.33, n.s. | 33.3 |
12.5 |
57.7 |
33.3 |
| In the last 30 days | 2.6 |
7.5 |
x2 (1, N=19)=2.03, n.s. | 88.2 |
50.0 |
x2 (1, N=19)=1.97, n.s. | 80.0 |
0.0 |
91.7 |
100.0 |
Tested for HIV |
||||||||||
| Ever tested | 69.3 |
68.3 |
x2 (1, N=271)=0.06, n.s. | 75.1 |
100.0 |
x2 (1, N=271)=15.61, p<.001 | 73.5 |
100.0 |
76.4 |
100.0 |
| Tested in last 6 months | 35.3 |
41.6 |
x2 (1, N=193)=0.83, n.s. | 68.8 |
44.9 |
x2 (1, N=193)=8.89, p<.003 | 70.7 |
39.4 |
67.4 |
56.3 |
| Tested in last 30 days | 13.7 |
14.3 |
x2 (1, N=101)=0.55, n.s. | 51.3 |
14.3 |
x2 (1, N=101)=9.24, p<.003 | 61.3 |
15.4 |
44.9 |
12.5 |
HIV Counseling and Testing History |
||||||||||
| Understood what happened 1st HIV test | 83.0 |
87.3 |
x2 (1, N=206)=1.00, n.s. | 90.5 |
85.4 |
x2 (1, N=206)=1.00, n.s. | 88.2 |
84.8 |
92.2 |
86.7 |
| Got counseling before 1st HIV test | 41.5 |
56.4 |
x2 (1, N=183)=3.67, n.s. | 64.7 |
38.3 |
x2 (1, N=183)=9.99, p<.002 | 58.2 |
37.5 |
69.1 |
40.0 |
| Got counseling after 1st HIV test | 38.7 |
48.2 |
x2 (1, N=172)=0.45, n.s. | 58.1 |
45.8 |
x2 (1, N=172)=2.09, n.s. | 54.3 |
48.5 |
60.3 |
40.0 |
| Got counseling before most recent HIV test | 46.6 |
59.0 |
x2 (1, N=125)=0.44, n.s. | 60.2 |
47.6 |
x2 (1, N=125)=1.80, n.s. | 52.9 |
53.3 |
65.3 |
33.3 |
| Got counseling after most recent HIV test | 46.6 |
47.5 |
x2 (1, N=114)=0.01, n.s. | 56.9 |
52.4 |
x2 (1, N=114)=0.22, n.s. | 61.3 |
50.0 |
53.7 |
58.3 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Section 6: Personal History 2
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-34, 6-35, 6-36, and 6-37.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Substance Abuse Treatment |
||||||||||
| Ever | 20.4 |
16.7 |
x2 (1, N=99)=0.18, n.s. | 28.8 |
42.3 |
x2 (1, N=99)=1.61, n.s. | 23.9 |
62.5 |
37.0 |
10.0 |
| In the last 6 months | 14.6 |
7.6 |
x2 (1, N=24)=0.00, n.s. | 76.9 |
90.9 |
x2 (1, N=24)=0.84, n.s. | 75.0 |
90.0 |
80.0 |
100.0 |
| In the last 30 days | 13.5 |
4.5 |
-- |
100.0 |
100.0 |
-- |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
| Currently in substance abuse treatment | 12.6 |
3.0 |
x2 (1, N=22)=2.37, n.s. | 45.5 |
90.9 |
x2 (1, N=22)=5.24, p<.03 | 57.1 |
90.0 |
25.0 |
100.0 |
Arrested/Booked with a Criminal Offense or Violation |
||||||||||
| Ever | 39.8 |
28.8 |
x2 (1, N=97)=2.00, n.s. | 60.6 |
65.4 |
x2 (1, N=97)=0.19, n.s. | 60.0 |
87.5 |
61.5 |
30.0 |
| In the last 6 months | 13.6 |
12.1 |
x2 (1, N=51)=2.41, n.s. | 50.0 |
29.4 |
x2 (1, N=51)=1.96, n.s. | 45.8 |
21.4 |
60.0 |
66.7 |
| In the last 30 days | 2.9 |
6.1 |
x2 (1, N=22)=1.92, n.s. | 35.3 |
20.0 |
x2 (1, N=22)=0.42, n.s. | 27.3 |
0.0 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
| Currently has a probation officer | 16.5 |
1.5 |
x2 (1, N=43)=4.42, p<.04 | 53.3 |
15.4 |
x2 (1, N=43)=5.37, p<.03 | 65.2 |
18.2 |
14.3 |
0.0 |
| Currently a warrant for your arrest | 1.9 |
1.5 |
x2 (1, N=39)=0.19, n.s. | 7.7 |
7.7 |
x2 (1, N=39)=0.00, n.s. | 5.3 |
9.1 |
14.3 |
0.0 |
Jail |
||||||||||
| Ever | 37.9 |
21.2 |
x2 (1, N=97)=3.83, n.s. | 52.8 |
60.0 |
x2 (1, N=97)=0.39, n.s. | 56.3 |
80.0 |
45.8 |
30.0 |
| In the last 6 months | 16.5 |
9.1 |
x2 (1, N=46)=0.51, n.s. | 54.8 |
40.0 |
x2 (1, N=46)=0.89, n.s. | 54.2 |
33.3 |
57.1 |
66.7 |
| In the last 30 days | 2.9 |
4.5 |
x2 (1, N=17)=1.89, n.s. | 36.4 |
33.3 |
x2 (1, N=17)=0.02, n.s. | 37.5 |
0.0 |
33.3 |
100.0 |
| Currently in jail/prison | 0.0 |
1.5 |
x2 (1, N=41)=3.18, n.s. | 0.0 |
8.3 |
x2 (1, N=41)=2.48, n.s. | 0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
33.3 |
Treated for Mental Illness |
||||||||||
| Ever | 21.4 |
30.3 |
x2 (1, N=114)=1.46, n.s. | 38.6 |
30.8 |
x2 (1, N=114)=0.53, n.s. | 30.8 |
37.5 |
50.0 |
20.0 |
| In the last 6 months | 12.6 |
13.6 |
x2 (1, N=27)=0.00, n.s. | 89.5 |
62.5 |
x2 (1, N=27)=2.71, n.s. | 90.0 |
66.7 |
88.9 |
50.0 |
| In the last 30 days | 10.7 |
10.6 |
x2 (1, N=19)=0.62, n.s. | 100.0 |
80.0 |
x2 (1, N=19)=2.96, n.s. | 100.0 |
75.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
| Been in hospital for mental illness | 10.7 |
19.7 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Received medication for mental/psychiatric | 14.6 |
25.8 |
x2 (1, N=35)=0.20, n.s. | 92.6 |
87.5 |
x2 (1, N=35)=0.20, n.s. | 90.0 |
100.0 |
94.1 |
50.0 |
| Currently treated for mental illness | 10.7 |
7.6 |
x2 (1, N=23)=0.29, n.s. | 80.0 |
50.0 |
x2 (1, N=23)=2.22, n.s. | 88.9 |
50.0 |
66.7 |
50.0 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Section 7: Drug Use
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-38, 6-39, and 6-40.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Ever Use |
||||||||||
| Alcohol | 87.3 |
85.6 |
x2 (1, N=254)=0.65, n.s. | 88.1 |
92.5 |
x2 (1, N=254)=0.83, n.s. | 89.8 |
91.9 |
86.0 |
93.8 |
| Marijuana, hashish | 73.3 |
66.7 |
x2 (1, N=233)=4.50, p<.04 | 77.8 |
83.0 |
x2 (1, N=233)=0.68, n.s. | 83.0 |
86.5 |
72.1 |
75.0 |
| Crack | 16.7 |
15.3 |
x2 (1, N=187)=0.12, n.s. | 20.9 |
26.4 |
x2 (1, N=187)=0.66, n.s. | 18.6 |
32.4 |
23.4 |
12.5 |
| Cocaine | 32.0 |
18.9 |
x2 (1, N=187)=6.25, p<.02 | 30.6 |
52.8 |
x2 (1, N=187)=8.06, p<.005 | 32.4 |
67.6 |
28.6 |
18.8 |
| Heroin | 11.3 |
8.1 |
x2 (1, N=179)=0.88, n.s. | 13.4 |
17.3 |
x2 (1, N=179)=0.46, n.s. | 15.2 |
19.4 |
11.5 |
12.5 |
| Speedball | 7.3 |
5.4 |
x2 (1, N=178)=0.49, n.s. | 8.6 |
12.0 |
x2 (1, N=178)=0.48, n.s. | 9.0 |
14.7 |
8.2 |
6.3 |
| Amphetamines | 32.0 |
24.3 |
x2 (1, N=197)=4.12, p<.05 | 34.5 |
48.1 |
x2 (1, N=197)=3.00, n.s. | 34.7 |
63.9 |
34.2 |
12.5 |
| Other drugs | 32.0 |
18.0 |
x2 (1, N=184)=8.05, p<.005 | 28.2 |
58.5 |
x2 (1, N=184)=14.82, p<.001 | 32.4 |
70.3 |
23.8 |
31.3 |
Ever Injected |
||||||||||
| Alcohol | 0.0 |
1.8 |
x2 (1, N=131)=2.33, n.s. | 2.2 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=131)=0.86, n.s. | 0.0 |
0.0 |
4.1 |
0.0 |
| Marijuana, hashish | 0.7 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=112)=0.73, n.s. | 0.0 |
2.9 |
x2 (1, N=112)=2.22, n.s. | 0.0 |
4.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Crack | 1.3 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=28)=1.20, n.s. | 12.5 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=28)=1.62, n.s. | 25.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Cocaine | 7.3 |
2.7 |
x2 (1, N=58)=0.19, n.s. | 23.3 |
25.0 |
x2 (1, N=58)=0.02, n.s. | 27.8 |
24.0 |
16.7 |
33.3 |
| Heroin | 5.3 |
3.6 |
x2 (1, N=24)=0.20, n.s. | 46.7 |
55.6 |
x2 (1, N=24)=0.18, n.s. | 40.0 |
57.1 |
60.0 |
50.0 |
| Speedball | 4.7 |
1.8 |
x2 (1, N=16)=0.78, n.s. | 40.0 |
83.3 |
x2 (1, N=16)=2.86, n.s. | 50.0 |
80.0 |
25.0 |
100.0 |
| Amphetamines | 10.7 |
3.6 |
x2 (1, N=54)=0.09, n.s. | 34.5 |
40.0 |
x2 (1, N=54)=0.18, n.s. | 36.8 |
39.1 |
30.0 |
50.0 |
| Other drugs | 3.3 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=55)=2.26, n.s. | 7.4 |
10.7 |
x2 (1, N=55)=0.18, n.s. | 13.3 |
12.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Used in the Last Six Months |
||||||||||
| Alcohol | 64.0 |
64.0 |
x2 (1, N=211)=0.22, n.s. | 79.6 |
77.6 |
x2 (1, N=211)=0.10, n.s. | 77.5 |
79.4 |
82.2 |
73.3 |
| Marijuana, hashish | 45.3 |
45.0 |
x2 (1, N=170)=0.23, n.s. | 69.8 |
68.2 |
x2 (1, N=170)=0.04, n.s. | 67.6 |
68.8 |
72.4 |
66.7 |
| Crack | 4.0 |
4.5 |
x2 (1, N=36)=0.60, n.s. | 27.3 |
35.7 |
x2 (1, N=36)=0.29, n.s. | 18.2 |
33.3 |
36.4 |
50.0 |
| Cocaine | 8.7 |
9.0 |
x2 (1, N=59)=2.99, n.s. | 46.9 |
29.6 |
x2 (1, N=59)=1.83, n.s. | 29.4 |
33.3 |
66.7 |
0.0 |
| Heroin | 1.3 |
4.5 |
x2 (1, N=25)=6.95, p<.009 | 37.5 |
11.1 |
x2 (1, N=25)=1.99, n.s. | 20.0 |
0.0 |
66.7 |
50.0 |
| Speedball | 2.0 |
3.6 |
x2 (1, N=17)=2.49, n.s. | 54.5 |
16.7 |
x2 (1, N=17)=2.30, n.s. | 33.3 |
20.0 |
80.0 |
0.0 |
| Amphetamines | 15.3 |
14.4 |
x2 (1, N=65)=3.39, n.s. | 63.4 |
54.2 |
x2 (1, N=65)=0.54, n.s. | 50.0 |
54.5 |
78.9 |
50.0 |
| Other drugs | 13.3 |
9.0 |
x2 (1, N=63)=0.07, n.s. | 54.3 |
39.3 |
x2 (1, N=63)=1.40, n.s. | 50.0 |
43.5 |
60.0 |
20.0 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Section 8: Sexual Behavior
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-41 and 6-42.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Ever Engaged In |
||||||||||
| Had vaginal sex | 58.6 |
55.9 |
x2 (1, N=166)=6.80, p<.01 | 91.3 |
66.7 |
x2 (1, N=166)=14.69, p<.001 | 86.7 |
64.5 |
98.1 |
75.0 |
| Performed oral sex on a male partner | 58.6 |
28.4 |
x2 (1, N=172)=1.54, n.s. | 57.9 |
94.9 |
x2 (1, N=172)=18.45, p<.001 | 58.7 |
100.0 |
56.1 |
75.0 |
| Performed oral sex on a female partner | 35.2 |
32.4 |
x2 (1, N=154)=0.41, n.s. | 58.3 |
43.6 |
x2 (1, N=154)=2.53, n.s. | 54.5 |
48.4 |
63.3 |
25.0 |
| Male partner performed oral sex on you | 57.9 |
48.0 |
x2 (1, N=177)=8.31, p<.004 | 69.6 |
94.9 |
x2 (1, N=177)=10.43, p<.002 | 59.3 |
96.8 |
89.4 |
87.5 |
| Female partner performed oral sex on you | 38.6 |
31.4 |
x2 (1, N=159)=0.00, n.s. | 59.2 |
43.6 |
x2 (1, N=159)=2.89, n.s. | 58.6 |
48.4 |
60.0 |
25.0 |
| Had a partner perform anal sex on you | 46.9 |
14.7 |
x2 (1, N=146)=6.32, p<.02 | 46.7 |
84.6 |
x2 (1, N=146)=16.72, p<.001 | 51.9 |
90.3 |
33.3 |
62.5 |
| Sex with an IDU | 19.3 |
13.7 |
x2 (1, N=165)=1.91, n.s. | 16.4 |
56.8 |
x2 (1, N=165)=24.63, p<.001 | 16.7 |
58.6 |
16.1 |
50.0 |
| Performed anal sex on a male partner (MALES ONLY) | 46.9 |
-- |
-- |
50.0 |
100.0 |
x2 (1, N=106)=23.38, p<.001 | 50.0 |
100.0 |
-- |
-- |
| Performed anal sex on a female partner (MALES ONLY) | 13.8 |
-- |
-- |
29.1 |
13.3 |
x2 (1, N=85)=2.68, n.s. | 29.1 |
13.3 |
-- |
-- |
Ever Engaged In-Last Six Months |
||||||||||
| Had vaginal sex | 30.3 |
45.1 |
x2 (1, N=114)=20.56, p<.001 | 89.9 |
40.0 |
x2 (1, N=114)=29.23, p<.001 | 81.3 |
25.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
| Performed oral sex on a male partner | 46.2 |
11.8 |
x2 (1, N=90)=2.96, n.s. | 90.6 |
83.8 |
x2 (1, N=90)=0.93, n.s. | 93.0 |
87.1 |
80.0 |
66.7 |
| Performed oral sex on a female partner | 15.9 |
23.5 |
x2 (1, N=67)=9.96, p<.002 | 82.7 |
26.7 |
x2 (1, N=67)=17.45, p<.001 | 67.9 |
30.8 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
| Male partner performed oral sex on you | 44.1 |
27.5 |
x2 (1, N=104)=0.62, n.s. | 92.5 |
81.1 |
x2 (1, N=104)=3.06, n.s. | 92.7 |
86.7 |
92.3 |
57.1 |
| Female partner performed oral sex on you | 15.9 |
23.5 |
x2 (1, N=66)=12.06, p<.001 | 86.0 |
25.0 |
x2 (1, N=66)=22.00, p<.001 | 73.1 |
26.7 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
| Had a partner perform anal sex on you | 31.0 |
3.9 |
x2 (1, N=70)=5.00, p<.03 | 78.4 |
60.6 |
x2 (1, N=70)=2.62, n.s. | 81.3 |
67.9 |
60.0 |
20.0 |
| Sex with an IDU | 11.7 |
5.9 |
x2 (1, N=37)=0.03, n.s. | 64.7 |
60.0 |
x2 (1, N=37)=0.09, n.s. | 54.5 |
68.8 |
83.3 |
25.0 |
| Performed anal sex on a male partner (MALES ONLY) | 31.0 |
-- |
-- |
81.5 |
76.7 |
x2 (1, N=57)=0.20, n.s. | 81.5 |
76.7 |
-- |
-- |
| Performed anal sex on a female partner (MALES ONLY) | 7.6 |
-- |
-- |
64.3 |
50.0 |
x2 (1, N=18)=0.27, n.s. | 64.3 |
50.0 |
-- |
-- |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-43, 6-44, and 6-45.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Ever Engaged In- Last Six Months- Without a Condom |
||||||||||
| Had vaginal sex | 17.9 |
29.4 |
x2 (1, N=150)=5.52, p<.02 | 36.2 |
50.0 |
x2 (1, N=150)=0.89, n.s. | 27.2 |
57.1 |
49.1 |
40.0 |
| Performed oral sex on a male partner | 41.4 |
10.8 |
x2 (1, N=125)=27.98, p<.001 | 45.7 |
87.9 |
x2 (1, N=125)=17.65, p<.001 | 64.2 |
92.9 |
20.5 |
60.0 |
| Performed oral sex on a female partner | 7.6 |
18.6 |
x2 (1, N=103)=11.67, p<.001 | 28.6 |
40.0 |
x2 (1, N=103)=0.30, n.s. | 15.3 |
40.0 |
48.7 |
0.0 |
| Male partner performed oral sex on you | 37.9 |
21.6 |
x2 (1, N=131)=12.34, p<.001 | 50.0 |
92.6 |
x2 (1, N=131)=16.05, p<.001 | 63.0 |
91.3 |
36.0 |
100.0 |
| Female partner performed oral sex on you | 13.1 |
17.6 |
x2 (1, N=106)=3.44, n.s. | 32.7 |
80.0 |
x2 (1, N=106)=4.70, p<.04 | 24.2 |
80.0 |
46.2 |
0.0 |
| Had a partner perform anal sex on you | 18.6 |
2.9 |
x2 (1, N=112)=11.12, p<.001 | 17.8 |
63.6 |
x2 (1, N=112)=18.96, p<.001 | 24.5 |
70.0 |
8.1 |
0.0 |
| Sex with an IDU | 6.2 |
2.9 |
x2 (1, N=105)=1.27, n.s. | 6.5 |
46.2 |
x2 (1, N=105)=17.67, p<.001 | 5.9 |
50.0 |
7.3 |
0.0 |
| Performed anal sex on a male partner (MALES ONLY) | 16.6 |
-- |
-- |
26.9 |
43.5 |
x2 (1, N=75)=2.01, n.s. | 26.9 |
43.5 |
-- |
-- |
| Performed anal sex on a female partner (MALES ONLY) | 6.9 |
-- |
-- |
14.3 |
100.0 |
x2 (1, N=58)=9.94, p<.002 | 14.3 |
100.0 |
-- |
-- |
Has Main Sexual Partner |
||||||||||
| Yes | 73.1 |
60.8 |
x2 (1, N=195)=8.52, p<.004 | 82.6 |
100.0 |
x2 (1, N=195)=8.09, p<.005 | 89.2 |
100.0 |
75.0 |
100.0 |
Survival Sex |
||||||||||
| Ever | 17.2 |
10.8 |
x2 (1, N=162)=1.76, n.s. | 17.5 |
38.9 |
x2 (1, N=162)=7.44, p<.007 | 17.6 |
44.8 |
17.2 |
14.3 |
| In the last 6 months | 6.9 |
4.9 |
x2 (1, N=112)=0.26, n.s. | 9.2 |
42.9 |
x2 (1, N=112)=11.98, p<.001 | 7.3 |
46.2 |
11.6 |
0.0 |
| In the last 30 days | 2.1 |
2.0 |
x2 (1, N=19)=0.86, n.s. | 27.3 |
25.0 |
x2 (1, N=19)=0.01, n.s. | 25.0 |
25.0 |
28.6 |
0.0 |
| In the last 7 days | 0.7 |
1.0 |
x2 (1, N=16)=0.48, n.s. | 0.0 |
14.3 |
x2 (1, N=16)=1.37, n.s. | 0.0 |
14.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Section 9: Sexual Abuse
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-46, 6-47, 6-48, 6-49, and 6-50.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Sexual Abuse |
||||||||||
| Forced to have sex with a family member | 7.8 |
16.7 |
x2 (1, N=110)=4.08, p<.05 | 21.7 |
7.4 |
x2 (1, N=110)=2.79, n.s. | 13.7 |
10.0 |
34.4 |
0.0 |
| Forced to have sex with a partner or lover | 27.8 |
31.8 |
x2 (1, N=121)=0.69, n.s. | 42.6 |
48.1 |
x2 (1, N=121)=0.27, n.s. | 37.9 |
50.0 |
50.0 |
42.9 |
| Forced to have sex with a stranger | 10.4 |
19.7 |
x2 (1, N=106)=4.21, p<.05 | 23.5 |
24.0 |
x2 (1, N=106)=0.00, n.s. | 14.0 |
26.3 |
38.7 |
16.7 |
Physical Abuse |
||||||||||
| Ever physically threatened by sex partner | 24.3 |
24.2 |
x2 (1, N=112)=0.08, n.s. | 38.4 |
42.3 |
x2 (1, N=112)=0.13, n.s. | 33.3 |
52.6 |
46.9 |
14.3 |
| Ever physically hurt by a sex partner | 16.5 |
30.3 |
x2 (1, N=111)=5.31, p<.03 | 29.4 |
53.8 |
x2 (1, N=111)=5.22, p<.03 | 13.7 |
63.2 |
52.9 |
28.6 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Section 10: Medical History
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-51, 6-52, 6-53, and 6-54.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Rating of Overall Health |
||||||||||
| Excellent | 25.7 |
18.2 |
x2 (1, N=310)=2.41, n.s. | 22.8 |
17.6 |
x2 (1, N=310)=0.66, n.s. | 28.4 |
16.7 |
18.2 |
20.0 |
| Good | 53.3 |
56.0 |
x2 (1, N=310)=0.29, n.s. | 55.2 |
52.9 |
x2 (1, N=310)=0.09, n.s. | 53.4 |
52.8 |
56.6 |
53.3 |
| Fair | 16.4 |
23.3 |
x2 (1, N=310)=2.35, n.s. | 18.9 |
25.5 |
x2 (1, N=310)=1.15, n.s. | 13.8 |
25.0 |
23.1 |
26.7 |
| Poor | 4.6 |
1.9 |
x2 (1, N=310)=1.82, n.s. | 3.1 |
3.9 |
x2 (1, N=310)=0.09, n.s. | 4.3 |
5.6 |
2.1 |
0.0 |
Specific HIV-related Health Indicators |
||||||||||
| PCP | 3.9 |
1.3 |
x2 (1, N=222)=2.82, n.s. | 4.0 |
2.1 |
x2 (1, N=222)=0.41, n.s. | 7.5 |
2.9 |
1.9 |
0.0 |
| MAI | 30.9 |
1.3 |
x2 (1, N=220)=1.71, n.s. | 1.2 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=220)=0.56, n.s. | 0.0 |
0.0 |
1.9 |
0.0 |
| Recurrent pneumonia | 2.6 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=229)=4.64, p<.04 | 1.7 |
2.0 |
x2 (1, N=229)=0.03, n.s. | 4.2 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Had an active TB infection | 2.0 |
4.4 |
x2 (1, N=225)=1.11, n.s. | 4.5 |
4.1 |
x2 (1, N=225)=0.02, n.s. | 2.9 |
2.9 |
5.7 |
6.7 |
| Had a TB test in the past year | 67.1 |
50.9 |
x2 (1, N=267)=11.57, p<.001 | 65.0 |
84.0 |
x2 (1, N=267)=6.82, p<.001 | 74.5 |
88.9 |
57.7 |
71.4 |
| Hepatitis | 11.8 |
2.5 |
x2 (1, N=222)=12.32, p<.001 | 5.7 |
25.5 |
x2 (1, N=222)=16.30, p<.001 | 10.1 |
32.4 |
2.8 |
7.7 |
Chronic Health Problems |
||||||||||
| Fevers | 7.9 |
3.8 |
x2 (1, N=225)=3.14, n.s. | 5.6 |
17.0 |
x2 (1, N=225)=6.57, p<.02 | 5.6 |
23.5 |
5.6 |
0.0 |
| Night sweats | 13.2 |
5.0 |
x2 (1, N=230)=8.24, p<.005 | 7.7 |
29.8 |
x2 (1, N=230)=17.14, p<.001 | 8.3 |
41.2 |
7.2 |
0.0 |
| Weight loss | 17.1 |
13.2 |
x2 (1, N=237)=2.25, n.s. | 16.8 |
31.9 |
x2 (1, N=237)=5.38, p<.03 | 14.9 |
44.1 |
18.1 |
0.0 |
| Fatigue | 30.9 |
20.8 |
x2 (1, N=245)=7.13, p<.008 | 26.8 |
57.4 |
x2 (1, N=245)=16.26, p<.001 | 28.8 |
70.6 |
25.4 |
23.1 |
| Enlarged lymph nodes | 21.7 |
8.2 |
x2 (1, N=232)=14.63, p<.001 | 14.0 |
43.5 |
x2 (1, N=232)=20.19, p<.001 | 20.0 |
54.5 |
9.9 |
15.4 |
Problems With Head/Mouth/ Throat/ Eyes |
||||||||||
| Headaches | 40.1 |
40.9 |
x2 (1, N=275)=0.02, n.s. | 43.4 |
57.4 |
x2 (1, N=275)=3.09, n.s. | 39.8 |
64.7 |
46.2 |
38.5 |
| Sinus infections | 22.4 |
20.1 |
x2 (1, N=248)=0.96, n.s. | 23.8 |
39.1 |
x2 (1, N=248)=4.53, p<.04 | 25.6 |
39.4 |
22.5 |
38.5 |
| Changes in vision or eye problems | 13.2 |
16.4 |
x2 (1, N=234)=0.12, n.s. | 17.1 |
29.8 |
x2 (1, N=234)=3.82, n.s. | 12.3 |
32.4 |
20.2 |
23.1 |
| Mouth or lip sores | 12.5 |
10.7 |
x2 (1, N=239)=0.68, n.s. | 15.1 |
14.9 |
x2 (1, N=239)=0.00, n.s. | 18.2 |
14.7 |
13.0 |
15.4 |
| Thrush | 10.5 |
0.6 |
x2 (1, N=223)=17.35, p<.001 | 2.8 |
25.5 |
x2 (1, N=223)=27.12, p<.001 | 7.4 |
32.4 |
0.0 |
7.7 |
| Pain with swallowing or esophagitis | 9.9 |
9.4 |
x2 (1, N=228)=0.27, n.s. | 11.6 |
19.1 |
x2 (1, N=228)=1.86, n.s. | 11.4 |
20.6 |
11.7 |
15.4 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-55, 6-56, 6-57, 6-58, and 6-59.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
STD and Urinary Infections (Ever) |
||||||||||
| Gonorrhea | 7.9 |
14.5 |
x2 (1, N=223)=2.19, n.s. | 15.3 |
17.0 |
x2 (1, N=223)=0.08, n.s. | 10.0 |
15.6 |
18.9 |
20.0 |
| Chlamydia | 3.3 |
11.9 |
x2 (1, N=222)=6.60, p<.02 | 9.8 |
14.6 |
x2 (1, N=222)=0.90, n.s. | 4.4 |
6.1 |
13.2 |
33.3 |
| Syphilis | 0.7 |
1.9 |
x2 (1, N=225)=0.68, n.s. | 2.3 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=225)=1.10, n.s. | 1.4 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
0.0 |
| Urinary tract infection | 5.9 |
14.5 |
x2 (1, N=229)=4.27, p<.04 | 12.7 |
18.8 |
x2 (1, N=229)=1.15, n.s. | 8.6 |
9.1 |
15.3 |
40.0 |
| Genital herpes or herpes | 9.2 |
2.5 |
x2 (1, N=223)=8.10, p<.005 | 4.0 |
23.9 |
x2 (1, N=223)=19.60, p<.001 | 7.1 |
28.1 |
1.9 |
14.3 |
| Genital warts or HPV | 10.5 |
5.7 |
x2 (1, N=222)=3.89, p<.05 | 5.1 |
35.6 |
x2 (1, N=222)=33.34, p<.001 | 7.1 |
35.5 |
3.7 |
35.7 |
| Yeast infection | 3.9 |
36.5 |
x2 (1, N=227)=44.51, p<.001 | 30.9 |
17.4 |
x2 (1, N=227)=3.33, n.s. | 7.2 |
3.1 |
45.5 |
50.0 |
Other Specific Health Problems |
||||||||||
| Persistent cough | 15.1 |
13.8 |
x2 (1, N=239)=0.90, n.s. | 16.7 |
27.7 |
x2 (1, N=239)=2.99, n.s. | 16.2 |
33.3 |
16.9 |
14.3 |
| Trouble breathing | 11.8 |
23.9 |
x2 (1, N=244)=0.86, n.s. | 24.7 |
30.4 |
x2 (1, N=244)=0.63, n.s. | 22.1 |
25.0 |
26.4 |
42.9 |
| Pain in stomach | 28.3 |
29.6 |
x2 (1, N=252)=0.02, n.s. | 31.2 |
55.3 |
x2 (1, N=252)=9.67, p<.002 | 29.1 |
54.5 |
32.8 |
57.1 |
| Chronic or recurrent diarrhea | 21.1 |
5.0 |
x2 (1, N=230)=21.81, p<.001 | 10.9 |
42.6 |
x2 (1, N=230)=26.03, p<.001 | 20.3 |
51.5 |
4.6 |
21.4 |
| Tingling or pain in arm or legs | 17.1 |
13.3 |
x2 (1, N=238)=3.84, p<.05 | 15.2 |
31.9 |
x2 (1, N=238)=7.01, p<.009 | 17.1 |
39.4 |
13.9 |
14.3 |
| Weakness of arms or legs | 12.5 |
12.6 |
x2 (1, N=241)=0.29, n.s. | 14.4 |
23.4 |
x2 (1, N=241)=2.24, n.s. | 13.3 |
27.3 |
15.1 |
14.3 |
| Myalgia (muscle soreness) | 21.1 |
17.6 |
x2 (1, N=249)=2.02, n.s. | 21.8 |
34.0 |
x2 (1, N=249)=3.13, n.s. | 25.0 |
36.4 |
19.7 |
28.6 |
Taken Any of Following Medications |
||||||||||
| AZT | 17.8 |
5.0 |
x2 (1, N=226)=16.15, p<.001 | 5.7 |
50.0 |
x2 (1, N=226)=58.43, p<.001 | 14.5 |
48.6 |
0.0 |
53.3 |
| ddI (Videx) | 3.3 |
1.9 |
x2 (1, N=222)=0.97, n.s. | 1.7 |
10.2 |
x2 (1, N=222)=7.89, p<.005 | 3.0 |
8.8 |
0.9 |
13.3 |
| ddC (HIVID) | 4.6 |
0.6 |
x2 (1, N=222)=5.91, p<.02 | 1.7 |
10.2 |
x2 (1, N=222)=7.89, p<.005 | 4.5 |
11.8 |
0.0 |
6.7 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-60, 6-61, and 6-62.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Taken Medication to Prevent Following Conditions |
||||||||||
| PCP: Trimethoprim/Bactrim | 11.2 |
1.9 |
x2 (1, N=225)=13.60, p<.001 | 4.0 |
26.5 |
x2 (1, N=225)=24.07, p<.001 | 7.4 |
34.3 |
1.9 |
7.1 |
| PCP: Pentamidine | 1.3 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=223)=2.39, n.s. | 0.6 |
2.1 |
x2 (1, N=223)=0.97, n.s. | 1.5 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| PCP: Dapsone | 1.3 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=220)=2.33, n.s. | 0.6 |
2.1 |
x2 (1, N=220)=0.99, n.s. | 1.5 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| MAI: Rifabutin (Mycobutin) | 2.6 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=225)=4.82, p<.03 | 0.6 |
6.1 |
x2 (1, N=225)=6.77, p<.01 | 1.5 |
8.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| Recurrent Herpes: Acyclovir (Zovirax) | 9.9 |
1.3 |
x2 (1, N=225)=13.06, p<.001 | 4.5 |
18.4 |
x2 (1, N=225)=10.48, p<.002 | 10.1 |
22.9 |
0.9 |
7.1 |
| Candida (yeast infections): OTC medication for yeast infection | 4.6 |
18.2 |
x2 (1, N=220)=11.36, p<.001 | 18.3 |
8.9 |
x2 (1, N=220)=2.31, n.s. | 7.5 |
6.3 |
25.0 |
15.4 |
| Candida (yeast infections): Prescription medication for yeast infection | 5.9 |
18.2 |
x2 (1, N=219)=8.60, p<.004 | 17.1 |
18.2 |
x2 (1, N=219)=0.03, n.s. | 7.4 |
12.9 |
23.4 |
30.8 |
| Bacterial infections: IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) | 0.7 |
0.6 |
x2 (1, N=212)=0.03, n.s. | 0.6 |
2.4 |
x2 (1, N=212)=1.22, n.s. | 1.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
7.7 |
Gynecological Problems |
||||||||||
| Abnormal pap smear | -- |
15.1 |
x2 (1, N=118)=0.03, n.s. | 18.8 |
41.2 |
x2 (1, N=118)=4.24, p<.04 | -- |
-- |
19.1 |
42.9 |
| Pelvic inflammatory disease | -- |
1.9 |
x2 (1, N=118)=1.46, n.s. | 2.0 |
11.8 |
x2 (1, N=118)=4.25, p<.04 | -- |
-- |
0.0 |
33.3 |
| Trichomonas | -- |
4.4 |
x2 (1, N=119)=0.76, n.s. | 5.9 |
5.6 |
x2 (1, N=119)=0.00, n.s. | -- |
-- |
6.4 |
7.1 |
| Bacterial vaginosis or gardnerella | -- |
7.5 |
x2 (1, N=120)=1.48, n.s. | 7.9 |
21.1 |
x2 (1, N=120)=3.06, n.s. | -- |
-- |
8.5 |
28.6 |
Pregnancy History |
||||||||||
| Ever been pregnant | -- |
63.5 |
x2 (1, N=209)=11.56, p<.001 | 88.6 |
100.0 |
x2 (1, N=209)=6.36, p<.02 | -- |
-- |
83.5 |
100.0 |
| Currently pregnant | -- |
3.8 |
x2 (1, N=74)=0.58, n.s. | 8.2 |
7.7 |
x2 (1, N=74)=0.00, n.s. | -- |
-- |
8.8 |
9.1 |
| Ever had a miscarriage | -- |
59.1 |
x2 (1, N=187)=2.83, n.s. | 97.8 |
100.0 |
x2 (1, N=187)=1.14, n.s. | -- |
-- |
96.3 |
100.0 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
Section 11: Health
Analyses correspond with Figures 6-63 and 6-64.
% of Men |
% of Women |
Effect for Gender |
% of HIV Unk. |
% of HIV Pos. |
Effect for HIV Status |
% of HIV Unk. Men |
% of HIV Pos. Men |
% of HIV Unk. Women |
% of HIV Pos. Women |
|
Ever Had Any of the Following Health-Related Conditions |
||||||||||
| Psychological problems | 39.4 |
47.8 |
x2 (1, N=139)=2.43, n.s. | 52.8 |
78.8 |
x2 (1, N=139)=7.01, p<.009 | 45.3 |
75.0 |
64.3 |
100.0 |
| Family problems requiring counseling | 19.7 |
34.3 |
x2 (1, N=125)=9.07, p<.003 | 37.0 |
42.4 |
x2 (1, N=125)=0.31, n.s. | 24.6 |
39.3 |
57.1 |
60.0 |
| Learning problems requiring special help | 11.8 |
6.0 |
x2 (1, N=115)=0.52, n.s. | 13.2 |
23.1 |
x2 (1, N=115)=1.84, n.s. | 15.4 |
22.6 |
8.3 |
25.0 |
| Help with eating disorders | 3.9 |
3.0 |
x2 (1, N=107)=0.00, n.s. | 6.8 |
6.1 |
x2 (1, N=107)=0.02, n.s. | 6.1 |
7.1 |
8.0 |
0.0 |
| Help for a bad drug reaction | 4.7 |
3.0 |
x2 (1, N=104)=0.02, n.s. | 2.8 |
18.2 |
x2 (1, N=104)=7.49, p<.007 | 2.1 |
17.9 |
4.3 |
20.0 |
| Help with a speech or language problem | 6.3 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=108)=3.02, n.s. | 5.3 |
12.1 |
x2 (1, N=108)=1.54, n.s. | 7.7 |
14.3 |
-- |
-- |
| Help with other problems | 11.0 |
6.0 |
x2 (1, N=114)=0.27, n.s. | 13.0 |
21.6 |
x2 (1, N=114)=1.40, n.s. | 13.0 |
50.0 |
13.0 |
12.5 |
Had Any of the Following in the Past Six Months |
||||||||||
| Psychological problems | 26.8 |
40.3 |
x2 (1, N=78)=3.98, p<.05 | 80.8 |
73.1 |
x2 (1, N=78)=0.60, n.s. | 70.4 |
71.4 |
92.0 |
80.0 |
| Family problems requiring counseling | 7.9 |
25.4 |
x2 (1, N=43)=7.89, p<.005 | 72.4 |
42.9 |
x2 (1, N=43)=3.53, n.s. | 50.0 |
36.4 |
88.2 |
66.7 |
| Learning problems requiring special help | 2.4 |
3.0 |
x2 (1, N=15)=0.68, n.s. | 83.3 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=15)=11.25, p<.001 | 75.0 |
0.0 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
| Help with eating disorders | 1.6 |
1.5 |
x2 (1, N=5)=0.83, n.s. | 100.0 |
0.0 |
x2 (1, N=5)=5.00, p<.001 | 100.0 |
0.0 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
| Help for a bad drug reaction | 0.8 |
3.0 |
x2 (1, N=7)=3.73, n.s. | 100.0 |
33.3 |
x2 (1, N=7)=1.56, n.s. | 0.0 |
20.0 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
| Help with a speech or language problem | 0.0 |
0.0 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
| Help with other problems | 9.4 |
4.5 |
x2 (1, N=17)=0.88, n.s. | 100.0 |
75.0 |
x2 (1, N=17)=2.55, n.s. | 100.0 |
85.7 |
100.0 |
0.0 |
Note: HIV Pos. = HIV-positive
HIV Unk. = HIV status unknown
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